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Psychology Study Guide

Comprehensive psychology notes for BA, BSc, and MA psychology students, covering developmental, cognitive, social, abnormal, and applied psychology with research methods.

Subject Areas

AreaWhat It Covers
General PsychologySensation, perception, attention, memory, learning, motivation, emotion
Developmental PsychologyLife-span development, Piaget, Erikson, attachment theory, adolescence
Social PsychologyAttitudes, conformity, obedience, prejudice, group dynamics, aggression
Cognitive PsychologyMemory models, problem solving, language, thinking, decision making
Abnormal PsychologyDSM-5 classifications, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia
Research MethodsExperimental design, sampling, reliability, validity, statistics basics
Applied PsychologyClinical, educational, industrial-organizational, health, forensic

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the major theories of personality in psychology? The main frameworks are: Freud's psychoanalytic theory (id/ego/superego), Jung's analytical psychology (archetypes), Maslow's humanistic hierarchy of needs, Erikson's psychosocial stages, the Big Five trait model (OCEAN), and Bandura's social cognitive theory.

What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning? Classical conditioning (Pavlov) pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus alone produces a response. Operant conditioning (Skinner) uses reinforcement and punishment to increase or decrease the frequency of voluntary behaviors.

What is cognitive dissonance? Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort experienced when a person holds two conflicting beliefs or behaves in a way that contradicts their beliefs. People typically resolve it by changing one of the beliefs or rationalizing the behavior.

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